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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全之主語(yǔ)篇
學(xué)好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法其實(shí)沒(méi)那么可怕，關(guān)鍵是要找到適合自己的方法，尤其是從基礎(chǔ)的主謂賓開(kāi)始，下面分享英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎借鑒！
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主語(yǔ)篇 1
主語(yǔ)表明這句話說(shuō)的是誰(shuí)和什么，主語(yǔ)主要由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞，短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。
一、名詞作主語(yǔ)
David arrived last night.
大衛(wèi)昨晚到達(dá)。
Pride goes before a fall.
驕必?cái) ?/p>
二、代詞作主語(yǔ)
Who is speaking, please?
(在電話中)請(qǐng)問(wèn)您是誰(shuí)?
Thats OK.
這沒(méi)問(wèn)題。
三、數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)
Two will be enough.
兩個(gè)就夠了。
Two-thirds of the workers are women.
三分之二的工人是女工。
四、ing形式作主語(yǔ)
Skating is good exercise.
溜冰是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.
從字典里查所有的生詞花費(fèi)了他許多時(shí)間。
五、不定式作主語(yǔ)
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.
把理想轉(zhuǎn)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)需要辛勤的勞動(dòng)。
六、名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)
The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.
在我們國(guó)家，盲人和肢殘人受到很好的照顧。
The unemployed usually lead a hard life.
失業(yè)的人生活一般很困難。
七、短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)
How to do well is an important question.
如何把這件事做好是一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.
早睡早起身體好。
八、從句作主語(yǔ)
What has happened proves that our policy is right.
發(fā)生的一切證明我們的政策是對(duì)的。
Whether well go depends on the weather.
我們是否去要看天氣。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（例題1）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?/p>
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請(qǐng)看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：虛擬語(yǔ)氣（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致;選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從語(yǔ)氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“……也一樣”時(shí)。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類也會(huì)隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：強(qiáng)調(diào)句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句 because we were late。
【分析】但實(shí)際上，此題的答案為B，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語(yǔ) our being late，此題若還原成非強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即為：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，若去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;換句話說(shuō)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 that 不能充當(dāng)句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，其相應(yīng)的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 who，該句實(shí)為類似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式(即對(duì)其中的Tom 提問(wèn)而得)。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what，該句實(shí)為類似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式(即對(duì)其中的a bike 提問(wèn)而得)。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)普通的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即認(rèn)為第二空要填形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
【分析】其實(shí)，此題是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其非強(qiáng)調(diào)形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的狀語(yǔ) very carefully 即為上面一題的題干，所以答案應(yīng)選B。請(qǐng)看下面幾例，也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 at Christmas，其中的動(dòng)詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復(fù)雜的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students
often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在
大廳開(kāi)會(huì)”，單獨(dú)看這一句，無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯(cuò)，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看，則不通，因?yàn)樯衔牡囊馑际恰澳闶窃?/p>
哪兒找到昨天作報(bào)告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意
為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì)的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，空格處應(yīng)填 that (即選D)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
為“讓我生氣的不是他說(shuō)的話，而是他話中的意思”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時(shí)表現(xiàn)出緊張，使他失去
了這份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自何地
或你是從事什么工作的”。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全經(jīng)典例題800例：名詞性從句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
【陷阱】可能誤選B。許多同學(xué)一看選項(xiàng)首先就排除了C和D，認(rèn)為這樣兩個(gè)“引導(dǎo)詞”疊用的情況不太可能。在A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A肯定不行，因?yàn)樗龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能充當(dāng)句子成分，所以便選擇了B。
【分析】正確答案選 D。第一個(gè)what 用作動(dòng)詞 meant 的賓語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)what 用作動(dòng)詞 said 的賓語(yǔ)，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 為主句，what what he said meant 為賓語(yǔ)從句，而在此賓語(yǔ)從句中又包括有 what he said 這樣一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
A. which B. how
C. what D. having
【陷阱】可能誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。有的'同學(xué)誤選A，是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為介詞后應(yīng)接關(guān)系代詞 which，但實(shí)際上，若填關(guān)系代詞，其前沒(méi)有先行詞，這根據(jù)不是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主語(yǔ)，所以B和D也不能選。請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鱿旅嬉活}(答案選B)：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A. that B. what
C. which D. as
3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that D. that all
【陷阱】根據(jù)中文字面意思誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。假若選A或B，那么轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句即為：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 顯然句中的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 is與want相沖突。選D組成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 為句子主語(yǔ)，all 為表語(yǔ)，you want to say 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾all。
4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
【陷阱】可能誤選D，認(rèn)為 when 后應(yīng)用疑問(wèn)句詞序。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一個(gè)when引出的是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，故用疑問(wèn)詞序;第二個(gè) when 引出的是主語(yǔ)從句，故其后用陳述句詞序。請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案選C)：
(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。首先可以排除A和C，因?yàn)榭崭裉帉?shí)為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，所以不能用疑問(wèn)句詞序。另一方面，但按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，當(dāng)用于指代身份不明的人時(shí)，要用代詞it，而不用 he 或she等。比較以下兩句：
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在門口，他想見(jiàn)你。
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有個(gè)人在門口，可能是郵遞員。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代詞 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代詞 someone，說(shuō)明此人身份尚不明確，故其后用了代詞 it 來(lái)指代。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A或B：選 A 的同學(xué)認(rèn)為這是指人的，故用who;選B的同學(xué)認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是定語(yǔ)從句(注意沒(méi)有先行詞)。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選C。that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，用作動(dòng)詞 know 的賓語(yǔ)，它只是被句中的插入語(yǔ) my dear friend 隔開(kāi)罷了。請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均為C)：
(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which
C. as D. because
前面兩題 that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，后面一題 that同位語(yǔ)從句(修飾the news)。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全：特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，本章主要介紹英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的句子成分，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納
當(dāng)兩個(gè)詞或詞組在一個(gè)句子中具有相同的語(yǔ)法地位而且描述相同的人或事物時(shí)，我們稱它們?yōu)橥徽Z(yǔ)�；拘问降耐徽Z(yǔ)大家一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但有幾種同位語(yǔ)，或由于本身結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引起誤解�，F(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下，希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。
1. 代詞we, us, you等后接同位語(yǔ)
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書(shū)嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人參加了校隊(duì)。
She has great concern for us students. 她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
2. 不定式用作同位語(yǔ)
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車。(to walk along…與the instruction同位)
3. -ing分詞用作同位語(yǔ)
Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
4. 形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀看游行。
【注】這類同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之類的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語(yǔ)
We none of us said anything. 我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)說(shuō)話。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰(shuí)飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
Theyve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰(shuí)也沒(méi)能贏得她的信任。
【注】同位語(yǔ)并不影響其后句子謂語(yǔ)的“數(shù)”，如：學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請(qǐng)比較下面一句(謂語(yǔ)用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語(yǔ))：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 從句用作同位語(yǔ)(即同位語(yǔ)從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息說(shuō)她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動(dòng)腦筋做此工作的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主語(yǔ)篇 2
代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的一致
each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.
Each of us has something to say.
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
Has either of them told you?
some, few, both, many 等作復(fù)數(shù)
some 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.
none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時(shí)較多,但也有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待,主要看說(shuō)話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念, 但none 在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù):
None of the books are easy enough for us
None of us seem to have thought of it.
None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.
None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.
None of this worries me.
all 和most 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞 (all of the…, most of the …), 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
由and 或 both… and 連接名詞詞組時(shí), 后用復(fù)數(shù); 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致
Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.
Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
如果一個(gè)句子是由there 或here引導(dǎo), 而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè), 謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的`那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。
There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).
Cattle are grazing on the pasture.
The police are looking for him.
有些集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待, 有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待, 主要根據(jù)意思來(lái)決定.
His family isn’t very large.
His family are all music lovers.
The committee meets twice a month.
The committee are divided in opinion.
The audience was enormous.
The audience were greatly moved at the words.
有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形, 可根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù):
This new series is beginning next month.
These new series are beginning next month.
This species is now extinct.
These species are now extinct.
表示時(shí)間, 重量, 長(zhǎng)度, 價(jià)值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如果作整體看待, 動(dòng)詞也可用單數(shù)形式 (當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞也是可以的):
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
One hundred li was covered in a single night.
書(shū)名, 國(guó)家名用單數(shù):
Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.
學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).
many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式:
Many a person has had that kind of experience.
More than one person has involved in the case.
a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù):
A number of books have been published o
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主語(yǔ)篇 3
1. 定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。
2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。
例如：That the were in truth sisters was clear fr the facial reseblance between the. 很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。
(2) 從屬連詞whether。
例如： Whether hell ce here isnt clear. 他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。
(3) 連接代詞：
Wh wh whse what
Which whever whatever whichever
連接副詞：
Where when hw wh
例如：
What she did is nt et nwn. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
Hw this happened is nt clear t anne. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。
Whever ces is welce. 不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。
Wherever u are is he ---- nl he. 你所在的`任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。
注：主語(yǔ)從句能用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)。常以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有：
A. It+be+形容詞(bvius, true, natural, surprising, gd, wnderful, funn, pssible, liel, certain, prbable, etc.)+that從句。
例如：
It is certain that she will d well in her exa. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。
It is prbable that he tld her everthing. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B. It+be+名詞詞組(n wnder, an hnur, a gd thing, a pit, n surprise, etc.)+that從句。
例如：
Its a pit that we cant g. 很遺憾我們不能去。
Its n surprise that ur tea shuld have wn the gae. 我們沒(méi)贏這場(chǎng)比賽真意外。
C. It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said, reprted, thught, expected, decided, annunced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。
例如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beiing. 據(jù)說(shuō)格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。
It is reprted that China has sent anther an-ade earth satellite int rbit. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。
D.It+see, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that從句。
例如：
It sees that Alice is nt cing t the part at all. Alice似乎不來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。
It happened that I was ut that da. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+desnt atter (aes n difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句。
例如：
It desnt atter whether she will ce r nt. 她是否來(lái)這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。 It aes n difference where we shall have the eeting. 我們?cè)谀睦镩_(kāi)會(huì)毫無(wú)區(qū)別。
F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。
例如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next wee? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?
Des it atter uch that the will nt ce trrw? 他們明天不來(lái)很要緊嗎?
G.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置。
例如：Hw strange it is that the children are s quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主語(yǔ)篇 4
1.主語(yǔ)是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都來(lái)了。
Each of the boys has an apple.
2. 表示總稱意義的名詞people, cattle, police做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.
The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.
3. 主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格等名詞，即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。
Three years passes quickly.
Two meters is not long enough.
4.主語(yǔ)是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The trousers are not expensive.
Your socks are over there.
5.主語(yǔ)是：family, class, team, group等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的'成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Our class is made up of ten students.
Our class are working very hard.
6. 主語(yǔ)是the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示……的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但是主語(yǔ)是a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of students in our school is large.
A number of students in our school are from America.
7.and 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示單一的概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
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