大學(xué)英語(yǔ)從句句型總結(jié)

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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)從句句型總結(jié)

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)從句句型總結(jié) 1

　　一、定語(yǔ)從句

　　在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。

　　1.由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，who用作主語(yǔ)，如：This is the boy who often helps me.

　　2.由whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

　　3.由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，whose用作定語(yǔ) ，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

　　4.由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，which用作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：

　　5.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：

　　The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?

　　6.由when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，如:

　　I dont know the reason why he was late.

　　This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

　　Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

　　注意：先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物的，就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

　　7. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。

　　(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有這種從句，不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)，關(guān)系代詞用 which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,如：I have two brothers, who are both students.

　　二、狀語(yǔ)從句

　　由從句擔(dān)任的狀語(yǔ)，在句子中可修飾謂語(yǔ)(或其它動(dòng)詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子，它可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語(yǔ)從句是一較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。高考中已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語(yǔ)從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)對(duì)方式狀語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)引起重視。

　　1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引導(dǎo)。

　　When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

　　He started as soon as he received the news.

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

　　2、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

　　原因狀語(yǔ)從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that(既然)等，for 表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)(它引導(dǎo)的不是從句)為并列連詞，語(yǔ)氣不如because強(qiáng)。

　　He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.

　　As it is raining, I will not go out.

　　Now that you mention it, I do remember.

　　3、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。

　　Sit wherever you like.

　　Make a mark where you have a question.

　　4、目的狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的詞(組)是so, so that(從句謂語(yǔ)常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞), in order that, in case(以防，以免)等。

　　Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.

　　She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.

　　He left early in case he should miss the train.

　　5、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

　　結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that (從句謂語(yǔ)一般沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞), so that, such that等引導(dǎo)。

　　She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.

　　He was so excited that he could not say a word.

　　She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.

　　6、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句分真實(shí)性(有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)與非真實(shí)性(條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說(shuō)話者看來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞(組)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。

　　If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

　　You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

　　So far as I know(據(jù)我所知), he will be away for three months.

　　You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.

　　If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.

　　7、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般是倒裝的。

　　Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.

　　8、方式狀語(yǔ)從句

　　方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。

　　You must do the exercise as I show you.

　　He acted as if nothing had happened.

　　9、比較狀語(yǔ)從句

　　比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引導(dǎo)。

　　I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.

　　He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.

　　The busier he is, the happier he feels.

　　三、名詞性從句

　　在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

　　引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that(無(wú)任何詞意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)。

　　以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

　　連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever

　　連接副詞：when, where, how, why

　　具體分類

　　1.主語(yǔ)從句

　　作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的.疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：

　　What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。

　　Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。

　　2.賓語(yǔ)從句

　　名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。

　　(1) 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：

　　He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。

　　(2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：

　　I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。

　　3.表語(yǔ)從句

　　在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。例如：

　　The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。

　　Thats just what I want. 這正是我想要的。

　　4. 同位語(yǔ)從句

　　同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.　我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

　　I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)從句句型總結(jié) 2

　　定語(yǔ)從句

　　一、概念

　　定語(yǔ)從句的概念，在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

　　例如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.

　　2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.

　　上面兩句中的the man和the house是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。

　　二、關(guān)系詞(連接詞)

　　1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who (賓格whom, 所有格whose) 和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)還做定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。

　　2.關(guān)于that, which的用法注意點(diǎn)

　　1)只能用that，不用which作為定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的情況

　　a)不定代詞，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞

　　There is nothing that I can do.

　　I mean the one that was bought yesterday.

　　b)先行詞有the only, the very, the same, the last修飾

　　This is the very book that I want to find.

　　The last place that I visited was the hospital.

　　c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)

　　This is the first composition that he has written in English.

　　d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)

　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

　　2)不用that, 只用which的情況

　　a)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)which

　　The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　　b)介詞后用which

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　3.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

　　1)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)(country, school, room…)，而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，一般用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。也可以用介詞+which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的'是which前的介詞選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。

　　Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born.

　　He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.

　　2)先行詞是表示時(shí)間名詞時(shí)(year, month, day, night…)，而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)

　　從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，一般用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。也可以用介詞+which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是when前的介詞選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。

　　His father died that year in which (=when) he was born.

　　I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.

　　3)先行詞是the reason，而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)，一般用why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。也可以用for + which的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?

　　但是這里要指出的是，如果介詞和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三種意思，則我們只能保留介詞+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter.

　　4.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

　　方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要

　　求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)從句句型總結(jié) 3

　　I 定語(yǔ)從句

　　1.先行詞為all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。在大多數(shù)情況下that可以省略.

　　Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.

　　That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.

　　2.as引出的限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　在such … as的結(jié)構(gòu)中as可作關(guān)系代詞，引出限制性定語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)和same連用，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。

　　Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.

　　I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.

　　I have the same trouble as you (have)。

　　3.as引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”，“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.

　　I live a long way from work， as you know.

　　She did not， as her friend had feared， break down.

　　As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

　　4.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句

　　定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時(shí)會(huì)被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開(kāi)，從而構(gòu)成分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。

　　The days are gone when power politics worked.

　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.

　　5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語(yǔ)從句

　　如果關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)介詞可以提到從句前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)+定語(yǔ)從句”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞不可以用that。

　　This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

　　The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.

　　6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中�？梢允÷�，一般有以下幾種情況：

　　1) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。

　　This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.

　　The man (whom) you just met is our manager.

　　關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞位于句尾時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)則關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

　　This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.

　　This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)

　　2) 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不能省略，但如果關(guān)系代詞在由there … be存在句構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷�。

　　This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.

　　The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.

　　3) 在way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中in which或that通常省略。

　　That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

　　7.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞或整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，其引導(dǎo)詞不能用that。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句屬于正式語(yǔ)體。經(jīng)�？嫉降姆窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句有以下三種。

　　1)由which、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which、as代表整個(gè)主句。

　　He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.

　　China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.

　　2)由 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

　　He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.

　　4) 由 “數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞+of +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的'非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.

　　There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.

　　They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.

　�、� 狀語(yǔ)從句

　　狀語(yǔ)從句中以下四種從句考得較多，這里給予簡(jiǎn)單介紹。

　　1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。

　　I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

　　He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.

　　You have changed a lot since we met last time.

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還可由某些可充當(dāng)連詞的名詞(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副詞(instantly， directly等)引導(dǎo)：

　　I will tell you the news the instant I know.

　　Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.

　　Note：

　　①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，還可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離很長(zhǎng)或花費(fèi)的力量相比較大，可譯為“…才”。(“not … before” 可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離很短或花費(fèi)的力量相比較小，可譯為“…就”)。

　　It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　They had not been married a month before they quarreled.

　�、谌绻挥趙hen引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，when表示突然發(fā)生某事，可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時(shí)，不能夠用as或while來(lái)代替when。

　　I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.

　　She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

　　We were about to leave when it began to rain.

　　2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。

　　So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

　　I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.

　　I will go provided that you go with me.

　　Please give this letter to John in case he comes.

　　3) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　(1)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多放在句首，while相當(dāng)于although，表示“盡管”，“雖然”。

　　While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to.

　　While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you.

　　(2)短語(yǔ)“even now/then/so”相當(dāng)于“though it is/was true”，表示“盡管如此”，“盡管這樣”。

　　The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.

　　I’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.

　　(3) as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要倒裝。

　　Child as he was， he could speak four languages.

　　Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.

　　4) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

　　比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比較級(jí)…， the +比較級(jí)…等。

　　We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.